Monday, December 30, 2019
Maintaining Internal Confidence In Chs Inc Finance Essay - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2395 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? For centuries food and grain markets have continued to grow not only in terms of demand, but moreover in competition. As the global population has continued to build, so has the need for resources to feed such inhabitants. In a short period of time, the United States has unquestionably emerged as a major contender in the exporting market with much of the credit belonging to companies such as Cargill, ADM and St. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Maintaining Internal Confidence In Chs Inc Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Paul based CHS. These companies have supported domestic farming by providing tools and resources necessary for farm owners to sell their products on a global scale. Particularly over the past 10 years, the influx in demand growth and sharp rise in commodity values have proven international market participation be lucrative, with new possibilities growing exponentially in nearly all directions. Over the past decade, the international growth trend has been significant for many companies, including the privately owned Cargill and publicly traded ADM. However, for a smaller farmer owned cooperative, CHS, expanding and acquiring global assets initially had the potential to create a large ripple within the foundation of its member owners. If CHS chose to follow the footsteps of the leading global companies, it would also chose to face many challenges as well as opportunities in such expanding markets. For instance, investing in new international production could create added competition for the goods produced by the companys member owners in the open marketplace. This is the strategizing dilemma that the executive team at CHS has been commissioned to consider over the past 7 years. How could they convince member owners and board members that the best way to realize the highest return on equity would be to invest in and promote further market competition of the same products their member owners already produce? This was the delicate task they were charged with, while remaining cognitive of the core set of values and virtues the companys rich history was built upon. A Brief History Founded in 1931, the company planted its initial roots as the Farmers Union Central Exchange at which point the Cenex energy brand was first created. Meanwhile, a few states away, a merger between Idaho based North Pacific Grain Growers and the Farmers Union Grain Terminal Association created what would later grow into Harvest States by 1983. From 1983 to 1998 both Cenex and Harvest States continued to develop as separate entities, while continuing to grow by member addition and acquisitions. By 1998, both St. Paul based cooperatives recognized an opportunity to come together to create Cenex Harvest States Cooperative. By 2000, the cooperative tale was dropped and left the company with its current name CHS Inc. From its inception in 1998, the company has made several attempts to diversify its business units (outside of grain) including the acquisition of two petroleum refineries. The first of which CHS owns and operates in Laurel, Montana in addition to a joint venture (holding the majority stake) in McPherson, Kansas. Furthermore, CHS owns and operates a total of 1,200 miles of refined fuels pipelines and 1,600 convenience stores throughout the country. Beyond the growth in refined fuels, CHS has also reached out to acquire assets in the foods, financial, feed and crop nutrients industries. However, as the company continued to grow, not all of the growth and opportunity came from outside of grain. With a team lead by John Johnson, President and CEO, the company slowly searched for new opportunities for its grain business. By the early 2000s, it appeared as though the worlds demand for grains such as corn and soybeans was exponentially outpacing what producers were able to provide. Quickly, it became clear through concerns of shortages, in addition to the governments continual pressure for higher standards in corn based renewable fuels; the grain industry was heading in a new direction. Johnsons team recognized that with a vast majority of the farmable land already tapped in the U.S., the next logical step would be to expand internationally. And CHS certainly wasnt alone in its quest for new endeavors. With a wide array of opportunities, CHS watched as key competitors started to sign agreements and develop land to meet their subsequent needs. One particularly strong area for growth was in Brazil. Brazil and its agriculture were seen as the land of golden opportunity. It was a great location to build infrastructure, create jobs and extend an otherwise lacking production CHS faced in an environment of growing demand. For a scope of what these companies were seeing: in 1998 Brazil harvested 31.3 million metric tons of soybeans, while just ten years later they are approaching 60 million metric tons. Maintaining Internal Confidence As the situation presented itself, Mr. Johnson along with his executive team realized that they were dealt a difficult hand. On one end, it was becoming clear that the next logical step to capture growth would be to suggest an acquisition and investment in new international production. Yet, from a second view, it would be vastly difficult to gain support of those whose company stake they were asking to invest, as it would unquestionably be directed toward a venture that could directly compete with their grain. As the topic was considered, the executive team at CHS took the approach that reflected openness and optimism. There was no sense in delaying the agenda, as the topic was a serious one as well as inarguably time sensitive. As one can imagine, the executive team was initially met with concern and frustration. The member owners found it hard to believe that funding a competing South American venture could be in their best interest. For quite some time, South American producers had frustrated domestic farmers as lower costs aided them in providing similar goods at a cheaper price. Therefore, such resistance had been expected and the team had put together a pre-emptive response plan accordingly. As frustration and confusion mounted, the team led by Mr. Johnson rounded up a select few board members and representatives of member owners to take on a trip. The unexpected trip took all invited directly to Brazil in an effort to help them discover and understand the type of opportunity that they were facing. Throughout the process said representatives learned more about the abundance of land in Brazil, potential for return on their investment and an inability for CHS to meet forward demand. Soon enough the idea of international expansion quickly gained momentum. Johnson was quoted, Early on, we explained why we needed to get positioned in order to be a preferred supplier to customers around the world to represent North American Farmers in a way that we felt we could to create value for them, and they got it. Before they knew it, they were on their way to opening the first of many international offices. CHS Sao Paulo (Brazil) opened its doors in 2003, followed by later additional offices in China, Japan, Russia and Switzerland. The international growth and diversification were an incredible piece of the unexpected growth CHS would ensue over the following 5 years. With the foundation of a cooperative, CHS was able to grow exponentially with immense member satisfaction. A main reason falling on the assumption that the increase in company revenue and net income would present greater returns to its owners through patronage. In 2004, member owners cash returns equaled roughly $60 million dollars from revenue of roughly $11 billion. By 2008, that cash return quadrupled to a staggering $240 million dollars from an increase in revenue of over $32 billion. As you can see below the company has continuously recognized staggering growth: Summary Consolidated Financial Data Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 2008 Ãâà Ãâà 2007* Ãâà Ãâà 2006* Ãâà Ãâà 2005* Ãâà Ãâà 2004* Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà (Dollars in thousands) Ãâà Ãâà Income Statement Data: Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Revenues Ãâà $ 32,167,461 Ãâà Ãâà $ 17,215,992 Ãâà Ãâà $ 14,383,835 Ãâà Ãâà $ 11,926,962 Ãâà Ãâà $ 10,969,081 Ãâà Cost of goods sold Ãâà Ãâà 30,993,899 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 16,129,233 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 13,540,285 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 11,438,473 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 10,525,746 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Gross profit Ãâà Ãâà 1,173,562 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,086,759 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 843,550 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 488,489 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 443,335 Ãâà Marketing, general and administrative Ãâà Ãâà 329,965 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 245,357 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 231,238 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 199,354 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 202,455 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Operating earnings Ãâà Ãâà 843,597 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 841,402 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 612,312 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 289,135 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 240,880 Ãâà Gain on investments Ãâà Ãâà (29,193 ) Ãâà Ãâà (20,616 ) Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà (13,013 ) Ãâà Ãâà (14,666 ) Gain on legal settlements Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà (692 ) Interest, net Ãâà Ãâà 76,460 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 31,098 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 41,305 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 41,509 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 42,758 Ãâà Equity income from investments Ãâà Ãâà (150,413 ) Ãâà Ãâà (109,685 ) Ãâà Ãâà (84,188 ) Ãâà Ãâà (95,742 ) Ãâà Ãâà (79,022 ) Minority interests Ãâà Ãâà 72,160 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 143,214 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 91,079 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 49,825 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 34,184 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Income from continuing operations before income taxes Ãâà Ãâà 874,583 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 797,391 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 564,116 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 306,556 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 258,318 Ãâà Income taxes Ãâà Ãâà 71,538 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 40,668 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 59,350 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 34,153 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 30,108 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Income from continuing operations Ãâà Ãâà 803,045 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 756,723 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 504,766 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 272,403 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 228,210 Ãâà (Income) loss on discontinued operations, net of taxes Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà (625 ) Ãâà Ãâà 16,810 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 5,909 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Net income Ãâà $ 803,045 Ãâà Ãâà $ 756,723 Ãâà Ãâà $ 505,391 Ãâà Ãâà $ 255,593 Ãâà Ãâà $ 222,301 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Balance Sheet Data (August 31): Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Working capital Ãâà $ 1,738,600 Ãâà Ãâà $ 821,878 Ãâà Ãâà $ 848,344 Ãâà Ãâà $ 766,807 Ãâà Ãâà $ 500,315 Ãâà Net property, plant and equipment Ãâà Ãâà 1,948,305 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,728,171 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,476,239 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,359,535 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,249,655 Ãâà Total assets Ãâà Ãâà 8,771,978 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 6,754,373 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 4,994,166 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 4,748,654 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 4,047,710 Ãâà Long-term debt, including current maturities Ãâà Ãâà 1,194,855 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 688,321 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 744,745 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 773,074 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 683,818 Ãâà Total equities Ãâà Ãâà 2,955,686 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 2,475,455 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 2,053,466 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,778,879 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà 1,643,491 Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà * Adjusted to reflect adoption of FASB Staff Position No.Ãâà AUG AIR-1; see NoteÃâà 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Sustaining Identity As many leaders of todays businesses will testify the type of growth CHS has sustained over the last 5 years is nothing short of incredible. It reflects remarkable leadership and strong commitment by not only employees, but congruently through stable member ownership. The company is slowly gaining the attention it deserves, but the question we might pose is this: at what cost? From its beginning, CHS has always followed the cooperative mentality that promotes low risk, sustainable growth and underlying strategies which have purposefully been set in place in an effort to avoid risk. However, could one make the argument that the this new path for continued growth is leading the CHS and its brand down a path that challenges and rewrites those values and virtues which have been the blocks and foundation the company has been built upon? I would suggest we first define what we mean by brand. As defined by Merriam Webster a brand is a class of goods identified by name as the product of a single firm or manufacturer. CHS has long built its brand by identifying with the needs and values of the domestic farmer. The name CHS is synonymous in many cases with the very identity of its member owners. The opportunity for the company to take new risks over the past 5 years has undoubtedly created a value for those owners far beyond that which they recognized as possible, however, does such success at some point run the risk of destroying the internal connection that has proved to be the glue that has long held the organization together? Can the risk that the company is taking lead them down a path that creates a new identity and lessens the very sense of citizenship that keeps the foundation in tact? CHS OF TOMORROW What I have proposed is the adherent risk with change in any organization. By changing the culture in which the business operates, it subsequently will endure the chance of resistance. The greatest risk of all is for its member owners to feel as though management has loss sight of what the organization has been entrusted to protect. Will its members continue to sustain the high level of risk tolerance moving forward? Will the executive team face a severe backlash as commodity prices fall and these new operating costs hinder more than help? That is yet to be determined, but moving forward it seems very clear the executive management team has some very difficult choices to make. In one scenario, the executive team could continue to move forward with continued plans of international growth. The company undoubtedly will continue to stand out and receive attention on an international level. To this scenario there are many risks and of course rewards. The ideal reward scenario assumes that all decisions are made correctly; the company moves forward and prospers which entitles the member owners to their growing piece of the pie. However, with that scenario also comes an adherent risk. The risk that must be considered pertains to what the large-scale publicity might mean for those member owners. It certainly seems plausible the CHS brand could far outgrow the members who identify with it. With such a disconnect could come frustration and discomfort as the members feel as though they are no longer involved in where the company is going, merely taking a back seat position for the ride. It may also be possible that further growth decisions could unhook the congruence within the organization and in turn lead to dissemination of role perceptions, low citizenship and an eventual dismembering from within. In a second scenario, the executive team could continue to move forward as they have for nearly a century. They could involve the members in all of the decision-making processes and push forward at a much slower and protective rate. The reward in doing so would be the act of protecting its internal congruent structure while maintaining citizenship from within. By maintaining operations as usual, the company should be able to maintain the family-feel within the organization that all of the members will continue to identify with. Adversely, the risk of course is falling behind the competition. By failing to act in a timely fashion as opportunities arise, CHS could dramatically lag the curve and miss substantial opportunities that could have brought a higher level of return. As I said earlier, the executive team at CHS has been presented a very difficult and delicate task. The idea of maintaining a low risk, conservative mentality in an ever growing and competitive commodities world simply doesnt seem plausible. The decisions the company has made thus far certainly have seemed to pay off and accordingly the members have been rewarded handsomely. What needs to be considered is this; the executive team must continue to focus on a few key aspects of their business. First, brand holds a lot of meaning in the farming communities that CHS serves. The member owners and they customers are the backbone of the company and therefore brand preservation must be a priority. A disconnect with its members could lead to an inevitable dismantling moving forward. Secondly, to this point the executive team has done a tremendous job taking risks that have produced high rewards. They must not lose site of what they have done and work to replicate it moving forward. The questi on I see doesnt ask if they should they be taking risks, moreover, what is the risk tolerance of their community and those whom they serve. By making cognitive choices which are congruent with the values, virtues and responsibilities of its past, there is no reason the company cannot continue to sustain growth and maintain its identity moving forward. In my opinion CHS is and will be a company that domestic farmers will continue to take pride in and identify with for generations to come. There is little doubt in my mind that the company and its leaders will ever forego the internal ideals of citizenship and congruence in any type of scenario. Citation Von Glinow, Mary Ann, and Steven Lattimore McShane. Organizational Behavior : Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. www.chsinc.com https://www.sec.gov/ www.merriamwebster.com Howard. F. (March 2009). St. Paul to Sao Paulo. Twin Cities Business. 42.
Sunday, December 22, 2019
`` Dream Story `` By Arthur Schnitzler - 973 Words
Arthur Schnitzlerââ¬â¢s piece, ââ¬Å"Dream Story,â⬠constructs the tale of a manââ¬â¢s desire to stray from the norm where he wishes to lose himself and reality. In Schnitzlerââ¬â¢s work, there is a loss of mindfulness for modern society in order to explore a more coveted lifestyle full of pleasures. The authorââ¬â¢s tactics encompass foreshadowing, symbolism, and figurative language to give a full account on this gentlemanââ¬â¢s journey to a warped reality. ââ¬Å"Dream Storyâ⬠employs the use of symbolism to differentiate the gaps between the double lives led by Fridolin, the main character of the novel. As a doctor, Fridolinââ¬â¢s character is associated with white as he wears the white doctorââ¬â¢s coat each day at work. However, when he enters the secret society that holds a masquerade he wears a red mask and the majority of the attendees Fridolin describes as having ââ¬Å"blood red mouthsâ⬠(3054). This transition from white, a symbol for p ureness and the greater good, to a blood red, an indicator for the devil, hell, and evil, highlights a great difference between each lifestyle. The white of the lab coat signifies the cultural norms and values that Fridolin has followed and upheld his entire life up until the point that he enters the secret society. The red of the secret society acts as a stain on his good reputation and signifies the great danger he encounters upon entering this society among individuals he does not know. Interestingly, red also signifies communism, a poorly regarded form of government thatShow MoreRelated`` Dream Story `` By Arthur Schnitzler1419 Words à |à 6 Pages Arthur Schnitzler was an Austrian novelist and playwright who wrote about lust and infidelity in twentieth century Vienna. His narrative, ââ¬Å"Dream Storyâ⬠, was first published in 1925. The story tells of a married couple living a comfortable lifestyle. The husband is a thirty-five-year-old doctor. The younger wife is occ upied by her responsibilities as wife and mother. In 1999, Stanley Kubrick released Eyes Wide Shut, which is his adaptation of Schnitzlerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Dream Storyâ⬠. In Kubrickââ¬â¢s film, Schnitzlerââ¬â¢sRead MoreStream of Consciousness in Arthur Schnitzlerà ´s Fraulein Else580 Words à |à 2 Pages In Arthur Schnitzlerââ¬â¢s novella Frà ¤ulein Else, the stream of consciousness narrative form creates a more in-depth portrait of Elseââ¬â¢s mindset and thinking. Even though the narrative may seem contradictory and erratic at first, this is only a result of the more extensive portrayal of her mental process, which includes elements not present in a more conventional narrative. The path of Elseââ¬â¢s thoughts is indirect and recursive, but this portrayal of thinking is closer to the actual process of thinking
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Film and Tragic Love Story Free Essays
Last January 10, 2013, I, together with my English 211 classmates watched the Lantaw 2012 Short-film festival. Itââ¬â¢s my first time to watch a short-film here in USM since Lantaw is a yearly activity here in our school. I was really excited to watch those 5 short-films, especially the film ââ¬Å"Salaminâ⬠from Ateneo de Davao University, who got first place in a certain event. We will write a custom essay sample on Film and Tragic Love Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now I also enjoyed the 4 films, namely; Surat, Kulta, Ayuda, and Incognito. In the film ââ¬Å"Suratâ⬠, produced and directed by the 2 BSECE-A, I was really surprised because my friend, April Mae Tulang, is the lady protagonist in the film. It was a tragic love story between a teacher and a rebel. It was a nice film and story, but for me the ending is a bit predictable one, the guy died and the teacher became an old maid. Letââ¬â¢s go to the film ââ¬Å"Kultaâ⬠, from 2 ABPolSci. This film is a tragic-family story. The story was based from the reality today. In the film, they were orphans, but still a happy family. Not until when the youngest of them got sick, and she really needed to get in the hospital. Because of being penniless, the oldest son took the risk of being a bomb carrier in exchange of money. It was a reality-based film. Itââ¬â¢s just, I canââ¬â¢t understand what were theyââ¬â¢re saying because thereââ¬â¢s no subtitle in the movie. While in ââ¬Å"Ayudaâ⬠, from 3ABEnglish, is one of the short-films that Iââ¬â¢ve been enjoyed watching. I enjoyed this film simply because we can related based from the story! Itââ¬â¢s a college love story. The cast of the film played each of their roles nice and easy. But we were wondering about the ending of the film. It was totally fuzzy why the guy holds a mini-knife. Will he take suicide? Or will he kill the antagonist? Itââ¬â¢s very confusing. And the film which I mostly liked, the ââ¬Å"Incognitoâ⬠, which is from DevChem (students from Development Communications and Chemistry department) really amazed me. The main cast were so amazing in performing their different roles. And the ending was really unpredictable! I did not imagine that pretty lady was â⬠¦ gay. Haha. I am very happy for the people who made this short-film. They made it really great! I was really excited in the ââ¬Å"Salaminâ⬠by the AdDU filmmakers because Sir Lloyd said that Salamin is a must-see short-film. And I really watching the film. At first, I never imagined that it/s going to be a horror movie. Their setting was nice, the actors especially the main characters delivered well. I was having fun even though some parts of the movie surprised me, it has a good sound effects and a loud and clear voice which I understand easily. Over-all, the Lantaw short-film Festival was a success. The audiences enjoyed those 5 films being watched. Thanks for the loud Sound System that we all heard the sounds loud and clear. Ellyn Mae L. Arias How to cite Film and Tragic Love Story, Papers
Thursday, December 5, 2019
English Coursework Oliver Twist Essay Example For Students
English Coursework Oliver Twist Essay In the novel Dickens makes his personal opinions well known. He felt very strongly that the laws were unfair for poor people and that the way children were treated in those days were also extremely dreadful. Oliver is portrayed as a typical orphan of the Victorian era, in that he is placed in the workhouse after his mother died and is given food and shelter during his childhood, However he is treated very badly by the head of the workhouse. It is important to understand that the way Dickens uses his language to illustrate his views on social reform and how loose the laws were that allowed characters such as Fagin to exploit the system. Dickens wanted the laws changed to help he poor and also wanted children to be treated . In Victorian times the attitudes towards Jews were extremely negative, Jews were viewed as the lower class. Dickens also appears to have this attitude as he describes Fagin in a very negative way. Dickens describes the Jew , Fagin, in an extremely bad light, as a dirty red haired man who uses children to pick pocket for his own living.Ã The area around where Fagin lives is also dreadful; Dickens uses his language to describe the area in a very dreadful way. Dickens describes the area where a Fagin life as the worst place Oliver has ever seen. He starters off by saying A dirtier or more wretched place he had never seen. This is a bold opening and immediately tells the reader the place that Oliver has been taken to is not good. The street was very narrow and muddy, and the air was impregnated with filthy odours, this paints a horrible picture in the readers mind. By using this language the picture painted in the readers mind is exactly what Dickens wants the reader to picture. The area where Fagin lives is extremely disgusting and Dickens wants the area to reflect the same as the Jew, Fagin. He also describes how the people act in the area: where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth. Dickens felt very strongly that the attitudes of some people living in poor conditions were also wrong, this is well known were he describes the people as positive wallowing in filth. Dickens wants the reader to get a accurate feel of the atmosphere in this area, the description of the area also gives a build up to Fagin. He also stereotypically describes the Irish in this descriptive paragraph. The public houses, and in them, the lowest orders of the Irish were wrangling. The Irish in those days were viewed as being, like the Jews, lower than the rest of society. They were viewed as the drunken and one of the worst types of people in those days. Dickens uses the Irish to give the reader another dimension of feeling into the area, the reader knows because the Irish are there the place is bound to be bad. All the description of this area gives a sense of suspense to the reader and makes them presume that where Oliver is taken will be pretty dirty and disgusting like the area.Ã Oliver after being taken through the alleys into a house where he meets Fagin. Inside the house the Dodger is asked what seems like a password. Now then! Cried a voice from below in reply to a whistle from the Dodger Plumy and slam was the reply.Ã Plumy and Slam was Victorian slang that meant All Right (it was apparently a Victorian underworld slang which was used between 1860 and 1910. Dickens first instalment of Oliver twist was written in 1837. This could mean that Dickens coined the phrase and from his books it was more widely used in the language) it was obviously a password or watchword that mean thats everything is okay, having the password gives the impression that Fagin does not want people who are not invited or welcome to enter the house. It is also meant to give the reader the thought that whatever is done in the house is of dodgy origins, or may be illegal, and they have the pass word to make sure that no police or unwelcomed people that could mean harm to Fagin are not allowed. .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .postImageUrl , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:hover , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:visited , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:active { border:0!important; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:active , .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udea5de9a909d2ba0314c496a36a3dc7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Clockwork Orange: Moral freedom is one of the most if not the most important of any freedoms available to humans EssayOliver is then led in to meet Fagin.Ã The room itself is described as being extremely old and dirty. The room is described as very old and dirty by Dickens: The walls and ceilings of the house were perfectly black with age and dirt. This gives the reader the impression that the house is very dirty and has never been cleaned.Ã Dickens takes so long to introduce Fagin to his readers because he wants to create a sense of anxiety and suspense about Fagin. Fagin himself is described in an extremely bad light and also as a Jew. He is described as a typical Jewish criminal stereotype of the time. Some sausages were cooking, and over them, with a toasting fork in hand, was a very old shrivelled Jew. Dickens purposely makes Fagin cook sausages and hold a toasting fork because he wants to give the impression to the reader that Fagin with toasting fork in hand resembles the devil. Dickens also describes Fagin as a merry old gentleman. This may seem a compliment at first however merry old gentlemen is actually another way of calling Fagin the devil. Dickens definitely wants the reader to think that Fagin is not a trustworthy gentleman and resembles the devil. Dickens uses the phrase matted red hair Dickens wants the reader to imagine Fagin as a horrible old gentleman with matted red hair, another feature Dickens created to make Fagin appear like the devil. Dickens uses lots of adjectives to paint a horrible picture in the readers mind. Dickens describes Fagins face as repulsive and villainous looking. These are extremely powerful adjectives and give the reader a sense of awfulness about Fagin. Dickens uses this language to firmly put across Fagins horrible appearance.Ã Dickens also calls Fagin most of the time Jew or just as the Jew, this is to emphsizes Fagins origins and that hes no just a horrible repulsive old man, hes a Jewish repulsive horrible man. Dickens defiantly believed in the Jewish stereotype that Fagin was meant to be. Dickens also must have seen Jews as the lower of society and repulsive and poor.
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